PENENTUAN TEKNOLOGI SANITASI DI KAWASAN SPESIFIK DAERAH KERING (STUDI KASUS DI KABUPATEN SUMBA BARAT DAYA NTT)
Abstract
Abstrak: Salah satu wilayah spesifik yang kurang mendapat perhatian dari pemerintah adalah wilayah spesifik dengan kondisi Iklim semi arid, dimana curah hujan rendah dan potensial evapotranspirasi yang tinggi menyebabkan wilayah NTT khususnya Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya memiliki permasalahan penyediaan fasilitas sanitasi, terutama dalam infrastruktur air buangan domestik. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui keadaan kapasitas masyarakat dan faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi keberlanjutan teknologi sanitasi air buangan sehingga dapat ditentukan teknologi yang sesuai. Beberapa faktor kapasitas yang dikaji meliputi faktor institusi, ekonomi, lingkungan, teknis, dan sosial-budaya. Untuk mengetahui hal ini, dilakukan pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dan observasi lapangan. Selanjutnya dianalisis secara deskriptif, crostab, dan analisis Analytical Hierarcy Proscess (AHP) untuk menentukan prioritas faktor dan sub faktor yang mempengaruhi keberlanjutan sanitasi sehingga didapatkan teknologi sanitasi yang paling cocok. Dari analisis deskriptif didapatkan hasil bahwa 50% responden tidak memiliki fasilitas sanitasi dan melakukan Buang Air Besar Sembarangan (BABS) di kebun dan bersih diri menggunakan serasah daun. Dari analisis crostab dapat diketahui bahwa terdapat hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan dan penghasilan terhadap kepemilikan WC, cara bersih diri, dan penerimaan terhadap teknologi yang ditawarkan. Dari analisis kuesioner ahli dengan analisis AHP yang memberikan hasil bahwa faktor yang paling berpengaruh dalam pemilihan teknologi sanitasi adalah faktor teknis dan teknologi yang paling tepat untuk masyarakat daerah spesifik lahan kering adalah cubluk, cubluk kembar, dan ecosan. Dari hasil keseluruhan analisis didapatkan rekomendasi teknologi sanitasi untuk daerah kering adalah cubluk satu lubang dengan sistem kering.
Kata kunci: Analisis kapasitas masyarakat, kawasan spesifik daerah kering, teknologi sanitasi
Abstract : One of the specific areas that have received less attention from the government is a specific area with a semi-arid climate conditions, where low rainfall and high evapotranspiration potential causes NTT especially Southwest Sumba Regency has a problem providing sanitation facilities, especially in the domestic waste water infrastructure. Therefore in this study wanted to know the state of the capacity of communities and the factors that affect the sustainability of the waste water sanitation technologies that can be determined in accordance with regional technology studies. Some of the factors that capacity factors examined include institutional, economic, environmental, technical, and socio "“ cultural. To know this, do data collection using questionnaires and field observations. Next, will be analyzed by descriptive, crostab, and Analytical Hierarcy Proscess (AHP) to determine the priority factors and sub- factors that affect the sustainability of sanitation to obtain the most suitable sanitation technologies from the descriptive analysis showed that 50 % of respondents do not have sanitation facilities and conduct defecation gratuitous (BABS) in the garden and clean themselves using leaf litter. Crostab analysis can be seen that there is a relationship between level of education and income against WC ownership, how to clean themselves, and acceptance of the technology offered. AHP analysis which provides results that the most influential factor in the choice of sanitation technology is a technical factor. But the results of advice most appropriate technology for a specific area of dryland communities is cubluk, cubluk twin, and ecosan. From the overall results of the analysis obtained on sanitation technologies for arid areas is cubluk one hole with dry system.
Key words: community capacity analisys, specific dry areas, sanitation technology
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