Program StANALISIS MANFAAT BIAYA PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH SPENT BLEACHING EARTH MELALUI PEMANFAATAN DAN PENIMBUNAN DENGAN MEMPERHITUNGKAN NILAI GAS RUMAH KACA udi Teknik Lingkungan Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan, Institut Teknologi Bandung
Abstract
Abstrak: Pertumbuhan industri minyak sawit di Indonesia mendorong tumbuhnya jumlah limbah spent bleaching earth (SBE). Ditetapkannya limbah SBE sebagai limbah B3 pada tahun 2014 menyebabkan urgensi pengelolaan limbah B3 pada perusahaan. Urgensi pengelolaan limbah SBE mendorong peningkatan emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK) yang berdampak negatif pada perubahan iklim. Oleh karenanya, eksternalitas berupa emisi GRK perlu diinternalisasi dalam skenario perencanaan biaya guna mengurangi beban lingkungan. Dalam penelitian ini, pengujian nilai manfaat-biaya pada skenario pengelolaan limbah SBE yang meliputi pemanfaatan dan penimbunan telah dilakukan. Nilai emisi GRK pada tiap skenario diinternalisasi dalam nilai investasi melalui perhitungan shadow price of carbon (SPC). Pengujian nilai manfaat-biaya dilakukan melalui perhitungan net present value (NPV) dan benefit cost ratio (BCR) yang dilanjutkan dengan analisis sensitivitas. Skenario pemanfaatan minyak nabati SBE sebagai bahan baku pembuatan biodiesel serta pemanfaatan residunya sebagai pengganti bahan baku bentonit dalam kiln semen merupakan skenario yang layak secara ekonomi dan memiliki nilai GRK yang rendah, sehingga layak dijadikan sebagai alternatif pengelolaan limbah SBE.
Kata kunci: Benefit-cost analysis, spent bleaching earth, gas rumah kaca, shadow price of carbon
Abstract : The growth of palm oil industry in Indonesia induces the growth of spent bleaching earth (SBE). Legitimation of SBE waste as hazardous waste in 2014 caused urgency of SBE's waste management on the palm oil company. This urgancy of SBE waste management induce the increased of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that have a negative impact on climate change. Therefore, externalities of GHG emissions need to be internalized in the cost planning scenario to reduce environmental impact. In this study, cost-benefit value testing on SBE waste management scenarios including recovery and landfillin has been done. The GHG emission value in each scenario is internalized in the investment value through the calculation of shadow price of carbon (SPC). Cost-benefit analysis is done through calculation of net present value (NPV) and benefit cost ratio (BCR) followed by sensitivity analysis. The scenario of recover vegetable oil from SBE as raw material for biodiesel production and its residue as a substitute of bentonite in cement kiln is founded economically feasible and has low GHG value, making it as an alternative waste management for SBE waste
Key words: Benefit-cost analysis, spent bleaching earth, greenhouse gas, shadow price of carbon
References
Anastopoulos, G., Dodos, G. S., Kalligeros, S., & Zannikos, F. 2013. Biodiesel production by ethanolysis of various vegetable oils using calcium ethoxide as a solid base catalyst. International journal of green energy, 10(5), 468-481.
Chen, Yunmin., Guo, Ryu., Li, Yu-Chao., Liu, Hailong., dan Zhan, Tony Liantong. (2016). A Degradation Model for High Kitchen Waste Content Municipal Solid Waste. Waste Management.
Cooper, W., Garcia, F., Pape, D., Ryder, D., & Witherell, B. 2016. Climate Change Adaptation Case Study: Benefit-Cost Analysis of Coastal Flooding Hazard Mitigation. Journal of Ocean and Coastal Economics, 3(2), 3.
Damanhuri, E. 2004. Waste Minimization as Solution of Municipal Solid Waste Problem in Indonesia. The 6 th ASIAN Symposium on Academic Activities for Waste Management, Padang-Indonesia
Damanhuri, E., & Padmi, T. 2000. Reuse and recycling as a solution to urban solid waste problems in Indonesia. Proceedings of ISWA International Symposium on Waste Management in Asia Cities.
Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs. 2013. Environmental Reporting Guidelines: Including mandatory greeenhouse gas emissions reporting guidance.
Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy. 2016. Government GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting. Methodology Paper for Emission Factors.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2006. Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
Keputusan Kepala Bapedal No. 4 Tahun 1995 tentang Tata Cara Pesyaratan Penimbunan Hasil Pengolahan, Persyaratan Lokasi Bekas Pengolahan, dan Lokasi Bekas Penimbunan Limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun.
Klein, J.M.,1986. Methods for recovering oil from spent bleaching earth. Proc. World Conf. Emerging Technologies in the Fats and Oils Industry (Ed A. R. Baldwin). American Oil Chemists' Society, USA, 169-171.
Kouzu, M., Kasuno, T., Tajika, M., Yamanaka, S., & Hidaka, J. 2007. Active phase of calciumoxide used as solid base catalyst for transesterification of soybean oil with refluxing methanol. Applied Catalysis A: General, 334(1), 357-365.
Kouzu, M., & Hidaka, J. S. 2012. Transesterification of vegetable oil into biodiesel catalyzed by CaO: a review. Fuel, 93, 1-12.
Kurniasari, O., Damanhuri, E., Padmi, T., & Kardena, E. 2014. Tanah Penutup Landfillmenggunakan Sampah Lama Sebagai Media Oksidasi Metana Untuk Mengurangi Emisi Gas Metana. Bumi Lestari, 14(1), 46-52
Li, J., Mullan, M., & Helgeson, J. 2014. Improving the practice of economic analysis of climate change adaptation. Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis, 5(3), 445-467.
Lina Chong Ann, Y. 2010. Strength as concrete with spent bleaching earth as cement replacement. Malaysia: University Malaysia Pahang.
Liu, X., He, H., Wang, Y., Zhu, S., & Piao, X. 2007. Transesterification of soybean oil to biodiesel using CaO as a solid base catalyst. Fuel, 87(2), 216-221.
LukiA, I., KesiA, A1/2., ZdujiA, M., & Skala, D. 2015. Calcium diglyceroxide synthesized by mechanochemical treatment, its characterization and application as catalyst for fatty acid methyl esters production. Fuel, 165, 159-165.
Mandell S. 2011. Carbon Emission Values in Cost Benefit Analyses. Transport Policy, 18, 888-892.
Mardiko SM. 2014. Formulasi Paving Block dari Berbagai Bahan Berbasis Limbah Padat Spent Bleaching Earth. Bogor (ID): Institut Pertanian Bogor.
Mohammadshirazi, A., Akram, A., Rafiee, S., & Kalhor, E. B. (2014).Energy and cost analyses of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 33, 44-49.
Ong, J.T.L., 1983. Oil Recovery from Spent Bleaching Earth and Disposal of the Extracted Material. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 60, 314-315.
Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 101 Tahun 2014 tentang Pengelolaan Limbah Bahan Berbahaya Dan Beracun.
Price, R., Thornton, S., dan Nelson, S. 2007. The Social Cost of Carbon and The Shadow Price of Carbon: What They Are, and How to Use them in Economic Appraisal in the UK.
White, J.K dan Beaven, R.P. (2013). Development to A Landfill Processes Model Folloriwng Its Appliation to Rwo Landfill Modelling Challenges. Waste Management, 33, 1969-1981.
Wahyudi MY. 2000. Studi Penggunaan Kembali Bleaching Earth Bekas sebagai Adsorben dalam Proses Refining CPO. Bandung (ID). Program Studi Teknik Lingkungan, Institut Teknologi Bandung.
