PERHITUNGAN NERACA AIR TAWAR DI PULAU PRAMUKA, JAKARTA
Abstract
Abstrak: Pulau Pramuka merupakan salah satu pulau kecil yang terletak di Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta. Pulau Pramuka merupakan salah satu pulau yang mengalami kekurangan air tawar saat musim kering. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan jumlah surplus/defisit lensa air tawar pada Pulau Pramuka berdasarkan neraca air alami, menentukan kekurangan ketersediaan air tawar, dan menentukan jumlah air yang harus di produksi oleh instalasi reverse osmosis yang akan dibuat. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada periode Juni "“ Desember 2017. Perhitungan neraca air alami dihitung per-tahun dari tahun 2012 sampai 2016 berdasarkan data karakteristik tanah dan data cuaca. Data cuaca yang digunakan adalah data curah hujan dan temperatur yang diambil dari stasiun terdekat, yaitu stasiun Tanjung Priok, Jakarta Utara. Berdasarkan perhitungan neraca air, pada tahun 2016 Pulau Pramuka memiliki nilai surplus sebesar 369 mm dan defisit sebesar 669 mm. Kemudian, berdasarkan perhitungan, diketahui bahwa nilai sustainable yields dari lensa air tawar lebih kecil dari kebutuhan air total. Pada tahun 2016 Pulau Pramuka mengalami defisit air rata-rata sejumlah 164 m3 per hari. Kapasitas produksi instalasi reverse osmosis yang harus dibangun adalah sebesar 226 m3/hari
kata kunci: Pulau Pramuka, pulau kecil, air tanah, neraca air, Thornthwaite-Mather, sustainable yield.
Abstract: Pramuka island is one of the small islands which located in Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta. Pramuka island is one of the islands that encounter water scarcity when dry season. The objective of the research are to determine the amount of freshwater lens surplus/deficit on Pramuka island based on natural water balance, to determine amount of freshwater deficit based on water consumption and to determine amount of freshwater that has to be provided by new reverse osmosis installation. The research was held in June - December 2017 period. Water balance measurement is counted per year from 2012 to 2016 based on rainfall and temperature data from the nearest station, which is Tanjung Priok station, Jakarta Utara. The calculation of water balance measured by using the Thornthwaite Mather method. Based on water balance measurement, in 2016 Pramuka Island has 369 mm surplus and 669 mm deficit. Later, it discovered from the calculation that the value of sustainable yields is lower than total water need each year. In 2016 Pramuka island experienced water deficit that equal to 164m3 per day. The rate of freshwater production that needed from new reverse osmosis instalation is 226 m3 per day
Keywords: Pramuka island, small island, groundwater, water balance, Thornthwaite-Mather, sustainable yield.
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