PERHITUNGAN NILAI KALOR BERDASARKAN KOMPOSISI DAN KARAKTERISTIK SAMPAH PERKOTAAN DI INDONESIA DALAM KONSEP WASTE TO ENERGY
Abstract
Abstrak: Adanya perbedaan mendasar pada komposisi dan karakteristik sampah perkotaan menjadikan teknologi pengolahan tidak berjalan dengan efektif dan efisien. Teknologi yang mendukung konsep waste to energy sangat mementingkan nilai kalor sampah yang akan diolah. Pada percobaan ini, setiap komponen yang menyusun sampah akan dihitung nilai kalornya dengan bom kalorimeter, dan dibandingkan dengan nilai kalor dari perhitungan proximate analysis, dan perhitungan ultimate analysis dengan persamaan Dulong. Selain itu, karakteristik fisik seperti kadar air sampah, kandungan materi volatile, fixed carbon dan abu juga akan diukur dan dibahas mengenai pengaruhnya terhadap nilai kalor. Dengan menggunakan data komposisi sampah suatu kota yang ada, HHV dapat diketahui dengan perhitungan komposisi fisik dan nilai kalor tiap komponen sampah yang didapat dari percobaan ini. LHV juga dapat dihitung dari persamaan, untuk kemudian digunakan sebagai bahan pertimbangan pemilihan teknologi waste to energy yang layak digunakan.
Abstract: Basic differences of municipal solid wastes (MSW) composition and characteristic have led to ineffective and inefficient MSW treatment technology practices. Technologies applied in waste to energy concept highly require heating value data of MSW. In this research, the heating value of each of waste component that construct MSW will be measured by bomb calorimeter, and compared to the heating value by the proximate analysis, and ultimate analysis utilizing Dulong equation. The physical characteristics of each component of MSW, such as moisture content, volatile matter, fixed carbon and ash will be measured and its correlation to the heating value will be discussed. Using waste composition, and each waste component's heating value in this research, the HHV and LHV can be calculated and can be used as consideration to choose the feasible waste to energy technology.
Key words: heating value, municipal solid waste, waste characterization, waste to energy
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