Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based Water Quality Monitoring System Using Salinity and Temperature for Malaria Mosquito Larval Habitat Risk Identification

https://doi.org/10.5614/joki.2026.18.1.8

Authors

  • Rafli Filano Biomedical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan 35365, Indonesia
  • Yudha Hamdi Arzi Biomedical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan 35365, Indonesia
  • Rosita Wati Biomedical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan 35365, Indonesia
  • Rudi Setiawan Biomedical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan 35365, Indonesia
  • Affan Alfarabi Biomedical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan 35365, Indonesia
  • Salma Anindya Oktrina Biomedical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan 35365, Indonesia
  • Maulina Adelia Putri Biomedical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung Selatan 35365, Indonesia
  • Budi Santoso Health Department of Lampung Province, Bandar Lampung 35212, Indonesia
  • Yusuf Aulia Rahman Health Department of Lampung Province, Bandar Lampung 35212, Indonesia

Keywords:

Internet of Things, malaria, monitoring, NRF, salinity sensor

Abstract

Malaria remains a public health problem in Indonesia, particularly in endemic coastal regions where aquatic habitats serve as breeding sites for Anopheles larvae. This study develops a multi-point Internet of Things (IoT)-based aquatic environmental monitoring system to detect conditions that support larval development through real-time measurement of water salinity and temperature. The system employs a WQ7706D digital salinity sensor, an ESP32 microcontroller, and a low-power NRF24L01 wireless communication module. Laboratory testing indicates that the sensor achieves stable readings after a 20-second stabilization period, with salinity variation of ±0,05 ppt under steady conditions. Field implementation at two coastal water sites in Hanura Village recorded salinity ranges of 1,35–2,3 ppt and temperature ranges of 28,8–30,5°C, which potentially support larval development. The wireless communication system successfully transmitted data up to 150 m with minimal packet loss. Power consumption analysis shows a daily energy requirement of 1,794 Ah, enabling autonomous operation for 10 ± 1  days using a 12 V 20 Ah battery without recharging. The main contribution of this research is the design of an IoT-based aquatic monitoring system that integrates energy optimization, stable wireless communication, and quantitative identification of malaria larval habitat risk.

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Published

2026-04-23

How to Cite

[1]
R. Filano, “Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based Water Quality Monitoring System Using Salinity and Temperature for Malaria Mosquito Larval Habitat Risk Identification”, JOKI, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 93-105, Apr. 2026.

Issue

Vol. 18 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Otomasi Kontrol dan Instrumentasi

Section

Articles
Copyright & Licensing

Copyright (c) 2026 Rafli Filano, Yudha Hamdi Arzi, Rosita Wati, Rudi Setiawan, Affan Alfarabi, Salma Anindya Oktrina, Maulina Adelia Putri, Budi Santoso, Yusuf Aulia Rahman

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