PENGARUH KADAR AIR PADA PENGOLAHAN LUMPUR TINJA TANGKI SEPTIK BERBASIS TERRA PRETA SANITATION
Abstract
Abstrak: Ekskreta manusia (feces dan urin) berkontribusi kecil dalam volume tetapi merupakan penyebab utama dari pencemaran air. Pendekatan sanitasi berbasis ekologi (ecological sanitation) mempertimbangkan limbah (kotoran) manusia sebagai sumber daya dibandingkan dengan limbah. Salah satu konsep ecological sanitation yang sedang dikembangkan adalah Terra Preta Sanitation (TPS). Terra Preta Sanitation merupakan suatu konsep sanitasi dengan tujuan akhir untuk meningkatkan kesuburan tanah, tetapi mampu mengatasi masalah bau yang tidak enak dengan adanya proses laktofermentasi dan vermikompos. Saat ini, konsep Terra Preta diadopsi dan dikembangkan menjadi konsep alternatif pengolahan limbah cair dan limbah padat domestik/rumah tangga. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah optimaisasi proses laktofermentasi pada pengolahan lumpur tinja tangki septic. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengolahan lumpur tinja yang berasal dari 3 tangki septik dengan variasi kadar air untuk mengetahui pengaruh kadar air pada proses laktofermentasi. Variasi kadar air dilakukan dengan pengurangan 10% air sampel dan penambahan 0%, 10% dan 20% air pencampur. Reaktor yang digunakan merupakan reaktor batch anaerob dengan kapasitas 2,5 liter. Bakteri yang digunakan berasal dari bakteri kultur campuran jenis EM4 (Effective Microorganism 4) sebanyak 20% dari volume efektif reaktor, sedangkan untuk co-substrat digunakan larutan glukosa dan air keran sebagai air pencampur. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 21 hari pada suhu ruang. Parameter yang dianalisa seperti pH, kadar air, kadar volatile, Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Total Kjedahl Nitrogen (TKN), Total phosphate, Total Asam Volatile (TAV), amonium, dan H2S. Karakteristik awal sampel tinja memiliki nilai organik tinggi dengan angka TOC sekitar 25000 mg/L. Pada akhir pengolahan, hasil menunjukkan sampel dengan pengurangan
10% air sampel memberikan degradasi organic yang lebih baik, konsentrasi H2S dan produksi asam laktat lebih besar. Efisiensi penyisihan karbon organik sekitar 50%, penyisihan NTK sekitar 60%, penyisihan posphat total sekitar 70% dan penyisihan indikator bau yaitu H2S mencapai 90%. Pembentukan asam laktat pada akhir reaksi mencapai 3,9%.
Kata kunci: terra preta sanitation, laktofermentasi, Effective Microorganism 4, tangki septik
Abstract : Human excrement (faeces and urine) have small in volume of domestic wastewater but it is the main causes of water pollution. Ecological sanitation considers human wastes as resources rather than waste. A new emerging concept in ecological sanitation is Terra Preta Sanitation (TPS). Terra Preta Sanitation is sanitation concept with final purpose for improve soil fertility, but able to overcome odor problem with lactic acid fermentation and vermicomposting process. Today, TPS concept is adopted and developed to be alternative concept for domestic waste treatment. The main objective of this research is optimizing lactic acid fermentation process in sludge of septic tank treatment. This research conducted with black water treatment from three septic tanks with variation of water content. Water content variations are with 10% sample water reduction, 0%, 10%, and 20% mixing water addition Reactor that used is anaerobic reactor with 2.5 liter capacity. Effective Microorganism 4 (EM4) is used as source of lactic acid bacteria for treat sludge from septic tank. Glucose is used as co-substrate and tap water as mixing water. The study was conducted in 21 days at room temperature. pH, water content, volatile content, Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Total Kjedahl Nitrogen (TKN), Total phosphate, Total Volatile Acid (TVA), ammonium, and H2S are analyzed. Characteristic of sample have organic content approximately 25000 mg/L. In the end of treatment, the result show, that the sample with 10% sample water reduction had better degradation, lower H2S and greater lactic acid production. Organic carbon removal efficiency about 50%, TKN removal efficiency about 60%, total phosphate efficiency about 70%, and H2S removal efficiency about 90%. Production of lactic acid in the end of reaction time about 3.9%
Key words: terra preta sanitation, lactic acid fermentation, Effective Microorganism 4, septic tank
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