Design of a Temperature and Humidity Monitoring System Based on the Internet of Things for Cold Chain Vaccine Storage

https://doi.org/10.5614/joki.2025.17.2.5

Authors

  • Utami Nuri Adilah Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung, 40559, Bandung, Indonesia
  • Aurellia Hendrawan Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung, 40559, Bandung, Indonesia
  • Muhammad Arman Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung, 40559, Bandung, Indonesia
  • Nur Khakim Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Bandung, 40559, Bandung, Indonesia
  • Rofan Aziz Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Indramayu, 45252, Indramayu, Indonesia

Keywords:

vaccines, cold chain, temperature and humidity monitoring, internet of things, firebase, telegram, web dashboard

Abstract

Temperature and humidity monitoring are important aspects of the cold chain vaccine storage system for preserving quality. Manual temperature recording risks missing readings, which compromise the vaccine quality. Excessive humidity may cause condensation on packaging, while very low humidity can reduce the stability of certain vaccines. This research aimed to design and build an Internet of Things (IoT) monitoring system with real-time notifications and website integration to support the vaccine storage cold chain system. The system used an ESP32 microcontroller, an SHT31 sensor, and dual storage (Firebase and SD Card). Development utilized Arduino IDE, Next.js framework, Telegram bot, Firebase, and Visual Studio Code editor. Tests included accuracy measurement, received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurement, notification and data monitoring for several days. Performance was tested in Bio Farma's cold room, freezer, and walk-in cooler at Politeknik Negeri Bandung to represent various vaccine storage conditions. The results show that the system records data in real-time with a high level of accuracy (temperature error <1%, RH ±15%), low data loss (6 out of 426 data in 10 days), and operating endurance of ±3 hours. Tests proved the system to be an accurate, automated monitoring system for the cold chain vaccine storage.

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Published

2025-10-24

How to Cite

[1]
U. N. Adilah, A. . Hendrawan, M. . Arman, N. . Khakim, and R. . Aziz, “Design of a Temperature and Humidity Monitoring System Based on the Internet of Things for Cold Chain Vaccine Storage ”, JOKI, vol. 17, no. 2, Oct. 2025.

Issue

Vol. 17 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Otomasi Kontrol dan Instrumentasi (Forthcoming Issue)

Section

Articles
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Copyright (c) 2025 Utami Nuri Adilah, Aurellia Hendrawan , Muhammad Arman, Nur Khakim , Rofan Aziz

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